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(Artificial Disc Replacement (ADR), or Total Disc Replacement (TDR), is a type of arthroplasty. It is a surgical procedure in which degenerated intervertebral discs in the spinal column are replaced with artificial ones in the lumbar (lower) or cervical (upper) spine. The procedure is used to treat chronic, severe low back pain and cervical pain resulting from degenerative disc disease.

Artificial disc replacements procedures were developed with the goal of pain reduction or elimination, while still allowing motion throughout the spine. Another proposed advantage is the prevention of premature breakdown in adjacent levels of the spine, a potential risk in fusion surgeries. Before artificial disc replacement, the standard of care for chronic back pain was spinal Fusion surgery. This procedure involves fusing two or more vertebrae together to remove motion in those segments of the spine, allowing for pain reduction due to the resulting decreased movement.

Back Pain

As you probably already know, back pain is a very common complaint. About three in four adults will experience back pain during their lifetime—and that number may very well rise, given our aging population and recent trend of obesity.

Disc Replacement
An artificial disc (also called a disc replacement, disc prosthesis or spine arthroplasty device) is a device that is implanted into the spine to imitate the functions of a normal disc (carry load and allow motion).There are many artificial disc designs classified into two general types: total disc replacement and disc nucleus replacement. As the names imply, with a total disc replacement, all or most of the disc tissue is removed and a replacement device is implanted into the space between the vertebras.
With a disc nucleus replacement, only the center of the disc (the nucleus) is removed and replaced with an implant. The outer part of the disc (the annulus) is not removed.

Advantages

Another potential advantage of disc replacement is a more rapid return to activities than occurs after fusion surgery.

Fusion patients have limited activities during the time required for the bone graft to grow into a solid mass. Because one of the goals of artificial discs is motion, patients are encouraged to return to motion early, although at a gradual progression.

Although artificial discs offer several advantages over fusion, this is a relatively new technology with no long-term randomized, controlled clinical study results. Fusion has a long-standing record of success in permanently correcting problems in the fused motion segment.

Discuss both options thoroughly with your health care provider before deciding which procedure is best for you.